Parallelogram Method for Vector Addition
The resultant of two vectors acting on any angle may be represented by the diagonal of a parallelogram. The two vectors are drawn as the sides of the parallelogram and the resultant is its diagonal, as shown below. The direction of the resultant is away from the origin of the two vectors.
Component Method for Vector Addition
Each vector is resolved into its x-, y-, and z-components, with negatively directed components taken as negative. The scalar x-component, Rx, of resultant R is the algebraic sum of all the scalar components. The scalar y- and z-components of the resultant are found in a similar way. With components know, the magnitude for the resultant is given by
In two dimensions, the angle of the resultant with the x-axis can be found from the relation
Vector Subtraction
To subtract a vector B from a vector A, reverse the direction of B and add individually to vector A, that is
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